Chapter 7: Encyclopedia of the Palestine Problem

Chapter FOURTY — Part 6 of 6

10. Dewey M. Beegle, Professor of Old Testament at Wesley Theological Seminary, states the following:

After John, Jesus came preaching the same message: "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand" (Matthew 4:17). Never did Jesus equate God's kingdom with Jewish rule of Palestine. He informed the Samaritan woman that the time would come when people would worship neither on Mt. Gerizim nor in Jerusalem (John. 4:21). Not one of the principles of his kingdom is dependent on a special sanctuary or specific territory. The risen Christ told his disciples to be witnesses "in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria and to the end of the earth" (Acts 1:18). Like the Jews in the Diaspora and John the Baptist, Jesus set forth the conviction that God's purpose of redeeming the nations would not be limited to the temple in Jerusalem and the real estate of Palestine. We have noted how Paul agonized over the disbelief of his own people, the Jews, but he believed that in time they would be grafted back into God's olive tree (Romans 9-1 1). In Galatians 3 he stated even more explicitly that the true children of Abraham are those who have his kind of faith: "And if you are Christ's, then you are Abraham's offspring, heirs according to promise" (3:29).

The remarkable fact about Romans 9-11 and Galatians 3 is that in spite of repeated reference to the promises to Abraham, the concept of the promised land is ignored completely. In reinterpreting the promises, Paul focuses on the primary factors of faith, salvation, and blessing. While he did not make an explicit statement rejecting the idea of the promised land, it certainly is strongly implied that this phase of the promise became obsolete under the new covenant.

The same can be said for the author of the letter to the Hebrews. After quoting Jeremiah 31:31-34 as the promise of a new covenant, he comments: "In speaking of a new covenant he treats the first as obsolete. And what is becoming obsolete and growing old is ready to vanish away" (Hebrews 8:13). The Jewish Christians addressed by Hebrews are to anticipate a new city, the heavenly Jerusalem. Nowhere in the whole book does the author mention the promise of land as a valid aspect of the new covenant.

This is equally true for the apostle Peter. In John's revelation the new Jerusalem comes down from heaven and presumably it settles over the site of the old Jerusalem. But the city measures 1,500 miles square! That is large enough to cover the entire Near or Middle East (from Egypt to Iran and Asia Minor to Sudan) and then some. This vision can hardly be related in any meaningful way to the concept of the promised land. (262)

11. Howard B. Rand, editor of the interdenominational Christian magazine, Destiny, made a thorough analysis of the claim that the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 was in fulfillment of Biblical prophecies. He states, inter alia:

Present Zionist activities in Palestine and the establishment of the new state of the Israelis have led many Christians to assume that Israel is being restored to her land again in fulfillment of the prophecies of the prophets of the Lord. If such a supposition were true, then all the activities of the Zionist Jews would be found to be in conformity with every requirement set forth by the prophets concerning the marks which were to identify modern-day Israel. Also, they would be following the method by which the prophets predicted the restoration would be accomplished. Actually, the Zionists are not in possession of any of the necessary identification marks; nor are they proceeding to possess the land according to Biblical requirements. Therefore, they cannot be Israel returning to the land of their forefathers. The mere fact that they are undertaking to establish a nation in Palestine is in itself no evidence that they are Israel. History abounds with accounts of the activities of people who have undertaken to establish themselves in Palestine, but that did not make them Israel. The activities of the Zionists have a prophetic significance, though they are not fulfilling the prophecies which forecast the return of the House of Israel to the land of their inheritance. It must not be overlooked that the Israeli state was founded upon a systematic program of violence, deceit and murder and this fact alone should place everyone on guard against assigning to the Zionists what rightfully belongs to the House of Israel... (263)

12. In 1968 Ministers of nine Christian denominations (United Presybyterian Church in the U.S.A.; United Church Board of World Ministries; Reformed Church of America; Near East Baptist Mission, Southern Baptist Convention; Lutheran Church, Missouri Synod; Community Church of Beirut; University Baptist Church of Beirut; Action Chretienne en Orient; Mennonite Board of Missions), signed "An Open Letter to Christians of the West," in which, inter alia, they stated:

Fifth, we must challenge the assumption that the Israeli occupation of Jerusalem, and indeed of large portions of Palestine, represents the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy. The Old Testament does speak of the return of Israel to the promised land, but Christians should remember these things: (1) the great prophetic voices in the Old Testament- Amos, Hosea, Isaiah, Jeremiah - constantly warned Israel that a gracious God would judge severely any injustice his chosen people committed; (2) by the end of the Old Testament period such promises of return were understood as part of the action of God at the very end of history rather than of men within history and (3) the New Testament understands the whole .Old Testament experience as having been transposed into a new key by the coming of Jesus Christ: so that the Church is the new "Israel of God" (Galatians 6: 10). If Jesus made it clear that God is to be worshiped neither on Mt. Gerizim nor in Jerusalem (John 4:21), can Christians believe that God's promise is fulfilled by the occupation of Palestine by the modem political state of Israel? What do we mean when we sing, "Noel, Noel, born is the King of Israel?" (264)

CONCLUSIONS

1. The Zionists, Christian Zionists, and the mercenary electronic Christian evangelists have carried out a campaign to brainwash the American people with such slogans and statements as follows;

(a) That the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 was a fulfillment of Biblical promises and prophecies.

(b) That the Jews are the chosen people.

(d) That God blessed America because it supports and stands by Israel.

These statements are misrepresentations and misinterpretations of the Old Testament and of the New Testament and constitute a denial of Jesus Christ and the New Testament.

2. The promises to Abraham: Abraham was neither an Israelite nor a Jew. He was a Semite of Babylonia, and his roots are Semitic Arab. He came from Ur of the Chaldeans. As stated in Genesis, there were six promises made to Abraham:

(a) God told Abraham, "I will bless thee and make thy name great;

(b) "In thee shall all the families of the earth be blessed;

(d) "Thy name shall be Abraham, for a father of many nations, I made thee;

(e) "Behold, my covenant is with thee and thou shalt be a father of many nations;

(f) "In thy seed shall all the nations of the world be blessed because thou has obeyed my voice."

3. The promises to Isaac were as follows:

(a) "I will bless thee, for unto thee, and unto thy seed, I will give all these countries;

(b) "In thy seed all the nations of the earth be blessed."

4. The promises were repeated to Jacob in his dream, and God said to him: "The land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it and to thy seed."

5. The promises to Moses were as follows:

(a) "If ye will obey my voice, and keep my covenant, ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me, above all people, and ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests;"

(b) He was promised the land of Canaan provided the Israelites had no other gods. Moses told the Israelites, "For ye shall pass over Jordan, to go in to possess the land which the Lord your God giveth you, and ye shall observe to do all the statutes and judgments which I set before you this day;"

(c) "If thou wilt not hearken unto the voice of the Lord, thy God, to observe to do all his commandments and statutes all these curses shall come upon thee ... and ye be plucked from off the land whither thou goest to possess it and the Lord shall scatter thee among all the people, from the one end of the earth even unto the other."

6. The promise to David: "Thine house and thy kingdom shall be established forever ... thy throne shall be established for ever." This refers to Jesus Christ as a descendant of David and of Abraham (Matthew 1:1).

7. The promise to Solomon: "If thou wilt walk before me, as David thy father walked and do according to all that I have commanded thee and, shall observe my statutes and judgments ... But if ye turn away, and forsake my statutes and my commandments ... and shall go and serve other gods, then I will pluck them up by the roots out of my land which I have given them."

Solomon and the Israelites disobeyed the laws and statutes of God, and worshipped false gods.

8. The promise for the possession of the land of Canaan was fulfilled when Joshua conquered the land and the Israelite tribes settled in the land. Joshua stated in Joshua 21:43-45 that the Israelites possessed the land and "there failed not ought of any good thing which the Lord had spoken unto the house of Israel. All came to pass." Solomon himself, in I Kings 8:54, acknowledged the fulfillment of all God's promises: "Blessed be the Lord, that have given rest unto his - people Israel according to all that he promised; there hath not failed one word of all the good promises, which He promised, by the hand of Moses his servant."

9. The promises were conditional: God promised that the Israelites would be dispossessed of the land if they disobeyed his commandments and statutes and did not remain loyal to him but worshipped other gods (Deuteronomy 4:1-2, 23-3 1; 7:8-12; 8:1, 18-20; 28:14-15, 45, 63-65; 29:1, 25-29; Jeremiah 24:9-10; 25:4-9).

10, The major prophets testified to the transgressions and wickedness of the Israelites and their violations of God's commandments, statutes and judgments: following other gods and filling their land with idols; rebelling against God and becoming a sinful nation; rewarding evil and despoiling the poor; corruption, hypocrisy, usury, treachery, oppression, perversion, lying, murder, defiling their hands with blood and shedding innocent blood; debasing justice, truth and equity; sacrificing and burning incense to other gods; and blasphemy.

11. The punishments predicted by the major prophets were fulfilled by the destruction of the kingdom of Israel in 721 B.C. and the kingdom of Judah in 605, 597 and 586 B.C. Thousands of the Israelites were exiled to Assyria and Babylonia. The gaps in the population were filled with colonists from other regions who brought in their own religious beliefs.

12. The prophecies for the return of the Israelites to the land of Canaan were made by Jeremiah (Jeremiah 29:10-14; 30:3, 10; 31:8-10; 32:36-37), Ezekiel (Ezekiel 11:16-18; 36:14, 24; 37:21); Isaiah (Isaiah 11:11-16, 44:28, 66:20). Ezra (Ezra 2:64-67; 8: 1-20; 7: 131, and Nehemiah (Nehemiah 7:66-69) reported the fulfillment of these prophecies,

13. After the return of those Israelites who wanted to return from the Babylonian and Persian empires, God abrogated the old covenant and made a new covenant through Jesus Christ. This was foretold by Jeremiah (32:40) and explained by Saint Paul in his epistle to the Hebrews (10:9-11, 16-20). The mediator was Jesus Christ and the new covenant is better than the old covenant. The old covenant has been abrogated because the Israelites forfeited the privileges God gave them collectively because they constantly broke it by worshipping other gods.

14. Saint Peter and Saint Paul confirmed in their epistles that those who believe in Christ are the chosen people (I Peter 2:4-9 and Paul in Romans 11:26-27; 10:1-4; 9:6; Ephesians 1:3-5; 2:19-22; Revelations 21:12; and Mark 14:58). Saint Paul in his epistle to the Galatians (3:6-29) summarizes the doctrine of the new covenant as follows:

(a) Those who believe in Jesus Christ are the children of Abraham.

(b) The heathen will be blessed through faith.

(d) Christ redeemed all people from the curse of the law.

(e) The blessing of Abraham will come to the gentiles through Christ.

(f) They will receive the promise of the spirit through faith.

(g) The new covenant was confirmed in Jesus Christ.

(h) That all men are the children of God by faith in Jesus Christ.

(i) The New Covenant means the forgiveness of sins.

15. The promise for Abraham and his seed and the blessings for all nations was fulfilled in Jesus Christ. Those who believe in Jesus Christ are the heirs to the promise. The comparison between the beliefs of the Jews, Christians and Muslims prove that the Christians and the Muslims believe in Jesus Christ and the Jews rejected and still reject him, and therefore the Christians and the Muslims are heirs to the promise.

16. The term "chosen people" was first used by Moses when relaying the word of God to the Israelites in Deuteronomy, "for thou art an holy people unto the Lord thy God: the Lord thy God hath chosen thee to be a special people unto himself above all people that are upon the face of the earth" (Deuteronomy 7:6).

However, Moses states that God keeps the covenant with them that love him and keep his commandments to a thousand generations and he repays those that curseth him by destroying them. The Israelites did not keep his covenant and worshipped other gods.

The Scriptures in the Old Testament and in the New Testament state that those whom God calls the chosen people are those who will know Jesus Christ and believe in Jesus Christ (Isaiah 62:6; John 8:36-45; Matthew 23:31-39). Jesus Christ told the Jews that "the Kingdom of God shall be taken from you and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof (Matthew 21: 42-46). Jesus Christ told the Jews they did not believe in him because they were not of his sheep (John 10:14-16, 24-28). Saint Paul in his epistle to the Galatians (3:28-29) summed up the doctrine of the new covenant and the chosen people as follows:

28. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus.

29. And if ye be Christ's, then arc ye Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise.

See also the words of Saint Paul (Acts 751-52; Romans 9:4-8, 26; 15: 10-12, 16; I Thessalonians 2: 14-16; Hebrews 10:9-10, 15-23) in numerous epistles in the New Testament.

The chosen people of today are those who believe in Jesus Christ. 90% of the Jews today are of Khazar origin. Their ancestors were converted to Judaism in the 9th century A.D. They are not Semites or the seed of Abraham. They still reject Jesus Christ. Therefore, the Christians and the Muslims who believe in Jesus Christ are the chosen people.

17. There is no prophecy in the Old Testament or in the New Testament concerning the return of the Jews to Palestine after the coming of Jesus Christ in Roman times. The Zionists, the Christian Zionists and the mercenary evangelists such as Hal Lindsey, Jerry Falwell, Pat Robertson, Jim Bakker, Jimmy Swaggart, Tim LaHaye, Mike Evans, Oral Roberts, Kenneth Copeland, Herbert Armstrong, Rex Humbard and John Walvoord, misinterpret and misquote the Scriptures. All the verses they quote refer to the prophecies for the return of the Israelites from the Babylonian and Persian empires. The majority of Biblical scholars reject and refute the claim that the establishment of Israel in 1948 was a fulfillment of Biblical prophecy. The following are such authorities who refute that claim: Dr. Alfred Guillaume, Professor of Old Testament Studies at the University of London; Dr. Frank Stagg, Professor of New Testament at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in New Orleans, Louisiana; Dr. Orvid R. Sellers, Minister in the United Presbyterian Church and Professor of Old Testament at McCormick Theological Seminary; the Right Reverend Jonathan G. Sherman, S.T.D., Suffragan Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Long Island, New York; Dr. William F. Stinespring, Professor of Old Testament and Semitics at Duke University; John L. Bray, Southern Baptist Minister and evangelist; Bradley Watkins of the United Presbyterian Church and a graduate of Haverford College, Pittsburgh-Xenia Theological Seminary and recipient of his Masters in Theology from Princeton Theological Seminary; Dr. John Wilmot, pastor of Highgate Road Baptist Chapel, London, who received his doctorate in divinity from Toronto (Canada) Baptist Seminary; Dr. G. Ch. Aalders, rector magnificus and professor of Old Testament Prophecy at the Free University of Amsterdam; Dewey M. Beegle, Professor of Old Testament at Wesley Theological Seminary, Howard B. Rand, editor of the interdenominational Christian magazine, Destiny; and many others.

The quotations we submitted in this chapter from the Old Testament and the New Testament and the opinions of Biblical scholars from Europe and the United States refute the false claims of the Zionists, Christian Zionists and the mercenary electronic evangelists that "the Jews are the chosen people"; that the "establishment of Israel in 1948 is a fulfillment of Biblical prophecies"; and that "God blesses those who bless Israel and curses those who curse Israel." The Zionists, Christian Zionists and the mercenary evangelists have misinterpreted, misquoted or quoted scriptures entirely out of context and thereby misrepresented the Scriptures and have committed fraud on the Bible. Their opinions amount to a denial of Jesus Christ.

APPENDIX

JORDAN IS NOT PALESTINE

The war criminal Ariel Sharon and the extreme wing of the Likud Party concocted the idea that Jordan is Palestine, in order to justify the planned annexation of the West Bank and Gaza and the expulsion of the 1,350,000 Christian and Muslim Palestinians there to Jordan. They wish to negate Palestinian rights in their ancestral homeland, Palestine, and give them rights to Jordan.

The claim that Jordan is Palestine is not supported by scripture or history. Genesis 13:8- 18 relates that Abraham and his nephew Lot agreed among themselves that Abraham and his descendants would live in the land of Canaan, on the left side of the Jordan River, and that Lot and his descendants would live on the right side of the Jordan River.

The Semitic tribes which lived on the west side of the Jordan River were the Canaanites who were composed of many tribes and kingdoms which existed long before the coming of Abraham to the land of Canaan. On the east side of the Jordan River were the two kingdoms of Ammon and Moab, whose inhabitants were descendants of Lot, Abraham's nephew, and were thus not of the seed of Abraham, and also the Nabatean Arabs.

The present Christian and Muslim Palestinians are the descendants of the cohesion of the Semitic Canaanites, Israelites and Edomites and the non-Semitic Philistines and all the other races which conquered the land of Canaan thereafter, such as the Babylonians, the Persians, the Greeks, the Romans and the Arabs.

The inhabitants of what is known today as Jordan are the descendants of the cohesion of the Semitic Ammonites, Moabites and Nabatean Arabs and all the other races which conquered the land to the east of the Jordan River, especially the Greeks, the Romans and Arabs.

That Jordan was not included in the Biblical promise is clear from Exodus 23:31 and in Deuteronomy 11:31 in which Moses expressly defines the land as being solely west of the Jordan River. This is also consistent with the division previously made between Abraham and Lot. These passages follow:

And I will set thy bounds from the Red Sea even unto the sea of the Philistines, and from the desert unto the river; for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your land; and thou shalt drive them out before thee (Exodus 23:31).

For ye shall pass over Jordan to go in to possess the land which the Lord your God giveth you, and ye shall possess it, and dwell therein (Deuteronomy 11:31).

When Joshua invaded the land of Canaan, on the west side of the Jordan River, there were 31 Canaanite kingdoms. The Ammonite and Moabite kingdoms were often at war with the Israelites, and they were still independent when the kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Assyrians and when the kingdom of Judah was conquered by the Babylonians.

The succession from the ancient kingdom of Ammon, which waged war with the Hasmoneans in the land of Canaan until it was also conquered by the Greeks, is shown in that the present capital of Jordan, Amman, is named for Ammon and is on the site of Rabbah, the capital of the ancient kingdom of Ammon, which was renamed Philadelphia during the Greek occupation of Jordan.

During the Greek and Roman occupations of the countries of the Middle East provincial divisions existed between the different areas. The Romans named the land west of the Jordan River as Palestine, and it was an independent province coextensive with the Biblical land of Canaan.

When the Arabs and Ottoman Turks occupied the area, Palestine was also a province with a governor separate from the land east of the Jordan River. During the Ottoman empire there was the independent Sanjak of Jerusalem which extended from Jerusalem to the northern border of Palestine. The rest of the country and Transjordan were part of the province of Syria.

When the British and the French occupied the Arab countries after World War I, they divided the lands between them under League of Nations Mandates. France administered Lebanon and Syria. Britain administered Iraq, Palestine and Transjordan. In 1920 the League of Nations approved Mandates for Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Palestine and Transjordan. The latter two had been divided as follows:

Under Article 25 of the Mandate the British government was authorized to withhold the provisions of certain articles of the Mandate for Palestine and Transjordan. The British government proposed to the League of Nations that the mandate which provided for a special regime in the Holy Places and for the development in Palestine of a Jewish National Home should not apply to Transjordan. On September 16, 1922 the Council of the League of Nations approved the Memorandum of Lord Balfour, the British Secretary of State, in which these proposals were submitted. The British government requested the Council of the League of Nations to adopt the following resolution:

The following provisions of the Mandate for Palestine are not applicable to the territory known as Transjordan, which comprises all territory to the east of a line drawn from a point two miles west of the town of Akaba on the Gulf of that name, up to the center of the Wadi Araba, Dead Sea and the River Jordan up to its junction with the River Yarmak; thence up the center of that river to the Syrian frontier ...

In the application of the Mandate to Transjordan, the action which, in Palestine, is taken by the Administration of the latter country, will be taken by the Administration of Transjordan underthe general supervisionof the Mandatory...

In April, 1923, the British government authorized Sir Herbert Samuel, High Commissioner for Palestine, to make the following announcement in Amman, the capital of Transjordan:

Subject to the approval of the League of Nations, His Majesty's Government will recognize the existence of an independent Government in Transjordan under the rule of His Highness the Amir Abdullah provided that such Government is constitutional and places his Britannic Majesty's Government in a position to fulfill its international obligations in respect of the territory by means of an agreement to be concluded between the two Governments. This agreement was concluded five years later.

Meanwhile, Transjordan came under the direction of the High Commissioner for Palestine and Transjordan, who was represented in Transjordan by a British Resident.

From 1920 onwards financial grants-in-aid were made to the Amir Abdullah for the administration, and he was assisted in the administration by British officials.

On February 20th, 1928, an Agreement between His Britannic Majesty and His Highness the Amir of Transjordan was concluded. The Preamble was couched in similar terms to Sir Herbert Samuel's 1923 statement that His Britannic Majesty was prepared to recognize the existence of an independent Government in Transjordan under the Amir of Transjordan "provided that such Government is constitutional."

The principal terms were that "the powers of Legislation and Administration entrusted to His Britannic Majesty as Mandatory for Palestine shall be exercised in that part of the area under Mandate known as Transjordan by His Highness the Amir through such constitutional Government as is defined and determined by the Organic Law of Transjordm..." (Article 2) (M. V. Seton-Williams, Britain and the Arab States: A Survey of Anglo-Arab Relations (London: Luzac & Company, Ltd., 1948), pp. 171 - 172.)

In 1946 the British government made a Treaty with Transjordan recognizing its "complete freedom, equality and independence," and it was admitted thereafter to United Nations membership. In 1948 the Zionist war criminals expelled 800,000 Palestinians from the area they occupied in Palestine, which constituted 80% of Palestine. More than 300,000 Palestinians were taken across the Jordan River and forced to live in Jordan. The Palestinians living in Jordan are mostly in refugee camps. The Palestinian professionals and intellectuals living in Jordan mostly entered the life of Jordan as teachers, lawyers, doctors, engineers, and government officials, but even these professionals still consider themselves to be Palestinians and would like to return to their native towns and villages in Palestine which the Zionist war criminals either destroyed or converted to Jewish towns and Jewish settlements. United Nations resolutions guarantee the Palestinian refugees' right to return to their homes and lands in Palestine.

The Zionist war criminals refused, and still refuse, to let the Palestinian refugees from Jordan and other Arab countries return to their ancestral homeland. The mere fact that the Zionist war criminals forbid them to return does not abolish their rights. According to the international law of restitution, all Palestinians who were expelled from Palestine in 1948 and thereafter, their heirs and descendants, are entitled to return home and take possession of all their homes, lands and properties, whether movable or immovable, because the Zionist war criminals never acquired title to these homes and lands.

As we stated before, the Zionist war criminals such as Ariel Sharon, Yitzhak Shamir and others in the extreme wing of the Likud coalition are spreading the slogan that "Jordan is Palestine" in order to justify their planned annexation of the West Bank and Gaza, and the expulsion of all Arabs from the West Bank and Gaza and the areas they occupied in 1948, because their objective is to have a Jewish State "free from these goyim" whom they claim "defile the purity of the Jewish nation."

According to international law, so-called Israel is not a state either in fact or in law and should be dissolved. The Palestinians should return to their homes and their lands and there should be established an independent state, perhaps named "The Holy Land," in which Muslims, Christians and Jews can live together in a democratic state made up of cantons on the Swiss model, without any discrimination on the grounds of race and religion. However, more than 300 of the Zionist leaders should be tried as war criminals according to international criminal law for committing war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide against the Palestinians from 1948 until today.

Palestine is Palestine, and Jordan is Jordan. Jordan is not Palestine or part of Palestine. Zionist propagating and planning to bring this about by force constitutes in international law a crime against peace.

NOTES TO CHAPTER FORTY

1. Nathan Ausubel, The Book of Jewish Knowledge (New York: Crown, 1964), p. 143.

2. Ibid., p. 100.

3. Michael Higger, The Jewish Utopia (Baltimore: Lord Baltimore Press, 1932), p. 37.

4. Ausubel, The Book of Jewish Knowledge, p. 282.

5. H. Haddad and Donald Wagner, ed., All in the Name of the Bible (Brattleboro, Vermont: Amana Books, 1986), p. 107.

6. What is Western Fundamentalist Christian Zionism? (Limassol, Cyprus: The Middle East Council of Churches, 1988), p. 2.

7. Haddad and Wagner, All in the Name of the Bible, p. 107.

8. Ibid., p. 108.

9. Ibid., p. 108.

10. Ibid., pp. 108-109.

11. Ibid., p. 109

12. lbid., pp. 106-107.

13. What is Western Fundamentalist Christian Zionism?, pp. 15-20.

14. Ibid., pp. 20-23.

15. R. J. Z. Werblowsky and Geoffrey Wigoder, The Encyclopedia of the Jewish Religion (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Ine., l965), p. 100.

16. Robert Graves and Raphael Patai, Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis (New York: Anchor Books-Doubleday, 1964), p. 134.

17. Genesis 10:8.

18. William Smith, Smith's Bible Dictionary (New York: Jove, 1985), p. 641.

19. Philip K. Hitti, History of the Arabs (London: Macmillan, 1946), p. 10.

20. Genesis 11:28.

21. Joan Comay, Who's Who in the Bible (New York: Bonanza Books, 1980, p. 30.

22. Werblowsky and Wigoder, Encyclopedia of the Jewish Religion, p. 4.

23. Genesis 12:5.

24. Genesis 12:1-10

25. Genesis 13:8-18.

26. Genesis 15:18.

27. Genesis 17:1-9.

28. Genesis 22: 15-18.

29. Genesis 26:2-6.

30. Genesis 28:12-15.

31. Genesis 35:1.

32. Genesis 35:10-15.

33. Werblowsky and Wigoder, Encyclopedia of the Jewish Religion, p. 390.

34. Genesis 32:22.

35. Genesis 35:16-18.

36. Genesis 23:3-7.

37. Genesis 24:2-4.

38. Genesis 24:10.

39. Genesis 28:1-5.

40. Genesis 28:1-2.

41. Genesis 12:3.

42. Joan Comay, Who's Who in the Bible, p. 209.

43. Exodus 19:5-6.

44. Exodus 20:3.

45. Exodus 23:31-32.

46. Deuteronomy 11:31-32.

47. Deuteronomy 11:8-9.

48. Deuteronomy 11:27-28.

49. Deuteronomy 28:15

50. Deuteronomy 28:63-64

51. Joshua 23:14-16

52. II Samuel 7:4-17

53. I Kings 2:1-4

54. I Chronicles 28:3

55. Luke 1:32-33

56. II Chronicles 7:11-22.

57. William L. Newton and Ellamay Horan, Bible History (New York: W. H. Sadler, 1942), pp. 106- 110.

58. I Kings 11:9-13.

59. Joshua 21:43-45.

60. The Holy Bible: New American Catholic Edition (New York: Benziger, 1961).

61. II Samuel 8:3.

62. Henry Snyder Gehman, ed., The New Westminster Dictionary of the Bible (Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1970), p. 57.

63. I Kings 4.21.

64. II Chronicles 9:26.

65. II Kings 8:54-56.

66. Nehemiah 9:7-8 & 24.

67. Deuteronomy 4: 1-2.

68. Deuteronomy 4:23-3 1.

69. Deuteronomy 7:8-12.

70. Deuteronomy 8:1, 18-20.

71. Deuteronomy 28:14-15, 45, 63-65.

72. Deuteronomy 29:1,25-28.

73. Jeremiah 24:9-10.

74. Jeremiah 25:4-9.

75. II Chronicles 7:19-20.

76. II Chronicles 36:14-2 1.

77. Isaiah 1:2-5.

78. Isaiah 2:8.

79. Isaiah 3:8-9.

80. Isaiah 3:13-14.

81. Isaiah 9:16-17.

82. Isaiah 24: 1-3.

83. Isaiah 30 1.

84. Isaiah 30:9-12.

85. Isaiah 59:2-4.

86. Isaiah 59:6-9.

87. Isaiah 59: 12-1 5.

88. Isaiah 65: 1-4.

89. Isaiah 65:7.

90.Jeremiah 65:11-12.

91. Jeremiah 311-14.

92. Jeremiah 3:20-2 1.

93. Jeremiah 3:25.

94. Jeremiah 5:7.

95. Jeremiah 5:11.

96. Jeremiah 5:19-21.

97. Jeremiah 5:25.

98. Jeremiah 6:13.

99. Jeremiah 6:15.

100. Jeremiah 6:19.

101. Jeremiah 7:30-3 1.

102. Jeremiah 8: 12.

103. Jeremiah 1 1 : 10.

104. Jeremiah 1 1: 13.

105. Jeremiah 17: 1-4.

106. Jeremiah 19:3-5.

107. Jeremiah 23:11-14.

108. Jeremiah 36:30-31.

109. Jeremiah 15:6.

110. Jeremiah 2:19.

111. Jeremiah 11:1-14.

112. Jeremiah 7:1-11.

113. Ezekiel 3:7-9.

114. Ezekiel 9:9.

115. Ezekiel 1456.

116. Ezekiel 20:7-8.

117. Ezekiel 20:13.

118. Ezekiel 20:24.

119. Ezekiel 39:23-24.

120. Ezekiel 33:23-26.

121. Who's Who in the Bible, pp. 31 1-312.

122. Ibid., p. 159.

123. Henry Snyder Gehman, ed., The New Westminster Dictionary of the Bible, p. 148.

124. II Kings 17: 18.

125. New Westminster Dictionary of theBible, p. 149.

126. II Kings 25:9-ll, 21.

127. Jeremiah 29: 10- 14.

128. Jeremiah 30:3, 10.

129. Jeremiah 319-10.

130. Jeremiah 32:36-37.

131. Ezekiel ll:l6-18.

132. Ezekiel 36: l9,24: 37:21.

133. Isaiah 10:20-21.134. Isaiah 11:11-16.135. Isaiah 44:28.136. Isaiah 66:20.

137. Ezra 2:64-67.

138. Nehemiah 7:66-69.

139. Ezra 8: 1-20.

140. Ezra 7: 13.

141. Jeremiah 3 1 :3 1-34.

142. Jeremiah 32:40.

143. Hebrews 10:9-11, 16-20.

144. Matthew 26:28.

145. Luke 1:29-33.

146. Hebrews 8:6- 13.

147. I Peter 2:4-9.

148. Romans 1 1:26-27.

149. Romans 10:1-4.

150. Romans 9:6.

151. Ephesians 1:3-5,2:19-22.

152. Revelations 21:22.

153. Mark 14:58.

154. John 2:19-22.

155. John 1:11-12.

156. New York Times, August 13, 1989, p. 6.

157. Genesis 17: 1-6.

158. Genesis 12:3.

159. Genesis 22: 18.

160. Genesis 17:20.

161. Genesis 25:13-18.

162. New Westminster Dictionary of the Bible, p. 369.

163. Sura ii (Baqara, verse 127).

164. Genesis 28:8-9.

165. Genesis 36:43.

166. Genesis 36:3 1 .

167. William Smith, Smith's Bible Dictionary, p. 233.

168. Encyclopaedia Judaica, volume 10, p. 6.

169. Galatians 3:6-29.

170. Romans 3:28-29.

171. Romans4:13-18.

172. Matthew 3:9.

173. John 8:30-45.

174. Babylonian Talmud: Chaniga, 3a, 3b.

175. Arthur Hertzberg, The Condition ofJewish Belief: A Symposium Compiled by the Editors of Commentary Magazine (New York: 1960), p. 90.

176. Mark 12:29-30.

177. Matthew 4:10.

178. Sura A1 Baqara 11:163.

179. Sura A1 Baqara 11:255.

180. Sura Al-Imran 111:84.

181. Encyclopedia Judaica (New York: Macmillan Co., 197 1 ), volume 10, p. 16.

182. Luke 1:26-35.

183. Sura Al-Imran 111:42,45,47.

184. Sura Mayam XIX: 19-22.

185. Sura Anbiya XXI:91.

186. Sura Tahrim LXVI: 12.

187. Encyclopaedia Judaica, volume 10, pp. 15- 17.

188. Sura Nisaa IV: 171.

189. Sura Nisaa IV; 157- 159.

190. Sura Maida V: 113.

191. Encyclopaedia Judaica, volume 10, p. 17.

192. Maida V:50-51.

193. Babylonian Talmud, Chaniga, 3a, 3b.

194. Hertzberg, The Condition of Jewish Belief, p. 90.

195. Deuteronomy 7:6.

196. Deuteronomy 7:9-10.

197. Deuteronomy 7:12,26.

198. Isaiah 52:6.

199. John 8:36-45.

200. Matthew 23: 1-39.

201. Matthew 21:42-46.

202. Jeremiah 31:36-37.

203. John 10:14-16,24-28.

204. Matthew 27:19-26.

205. I John 2:22-23.

206. Galatians 3:6-29.

207. Acts 7:51-52.

208. Romans 9:4-8,26.

209. Isaiah 60:3.

210. Romans 15:10-12, 16.

211. I Thessalonians 2:14-16.

212. Hebrews 10:9-10.

213. Hebrews 10:15-23.

214. Encyclopaedia Judaica, volume 10, p. 6.

215. Joshua 15:51.

216. I Kings 11:3.

217. Mina C. Klein and H. Arthur Klein, Israel, Land of the Jews (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1972), p. 53.

218. I Kings 11:7.

219. The Encyclopaedia of the Jewish Religion, p. 140.

220. H. Graetz, The History of the Jews (Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1891), volume 1, p. 369.

221. Encyclopaedia Judaica volume 3, p. 771.

222. The Daily Telegraph, London, November 13, 1963, cited in John Wilmot, Inspired Principles of Prophetic Interpretation (Swengel, Penn.: Reiner Publications. 1965), p. 159. 1866), as cited by Hal Lindsey, The Late Great Planet Earth, pp. 49-50.

223. The Jewish Encyclopaedia volume 4, pp. 1-6.

224. H. Graetz, History of the Jews, volume 3, pp. 138- 141.

225. Arthur Koestler, The Thirteenth Tribe (New York: Popular Library, 1976), pp. 17-18.

226. Wilmot, Inspired Principles of Prophetic Interpretation, pp. 158-159.

227. Encyclopaedia Britannica (Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1973), volume 12, p. 1054.

228. Hal Lindsey, The Late Great Planet Earth (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House, 1970), p. 49.

229. John Cumming, The Destiny of Nations (London: Hurst & Blackett), as cited by Hal Lindsey, The Late Great Planet Earth, p. 49.

230. James Grant, The End of Things (London: Darton & Co., 1866), as cited by Hal Lindsey, The Late Great Planet Earth, pp. 49-50

231. Hal Lindsey, The Late Great Planet Earth, pp. 50-51.

232. Hal Lindsey, The Late Great Planet Earth, p. 51.

233. J. Bowyer Bell, Terror Out of Zion (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1977), p. 84.

234. Ibid., pp. 336-337.

235. J. R. Dummelow, Ed., A Commentary on the Holy Bible by Various Writers (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1936), p. 778.

236. I Corinthians 6:19-20.

237. I Corinthians 6:16.

238. Ephesians 2: 19-22.

239. The New World Dictionary-Concordance to the New American Bible, p. 683.

240. Helen Rosenau, Vision of the Temple: The Image of the Temple of Jerusalem in Judaism and Christianity (London: Oresko Books, Ltd., 1979). p. 181.

241. Matthew 23:36.

242. Dewey M. Beegle, Prophecy and Prediction (Ann Arbor, Michigan: Pryor Pettengill, 1978), pp. 222-223.

243. A Commentary on the Holy Bible, p. 515.

244. The New World Dictionary-Concordance to the New American Bible, p. 179.

245. Ibid., p. 180.

246. Ibid., p. 279.

247. Jerry Falwell, Listen, America! (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1980), p. 113.

248. Palestine and the Bible (Beirut: Institute for Palestine Studies), p. 18.

249. Ibid., p. 27.31.

250. Ibid., pp. 33-34.

251. Ibid., pp. 47-48.

252. Ibid., pp. 9-10.

253. John L. Bray, Israel in Bible Prophecy (Lakeland, Florida: John L. Bray Ministry. Inc., 1983), pp. 22-23.

254. Ibid., pp. 24-25.

255. Ibid., pp. 26-27.

256. hid., pp. 29-30.

257. Ibid., p. 39.

258. Bradley Watkins, Is the Modern State, Israel, A Fulfillment of Prophecy? (New York: The Intercontinental, 1970), p. 12.

259. Wilmot, Inspired Principles of Prophetic Interpretation, p. 152.

260. Ibid., p. 163.

261. Address by Dr. G. Ch. Aalders, published in the Quarterly of the Free University of Amsterdam, November 1950, quoted in Wilmot, Inspired Principles of Prophetic Interpretation, pp. 160-162.

262. Beegle, Prophecy and Prediction, pp. 189- 190.

263. Howard B. Rand, "Palestine: Center of World Intrigue," Destiny Magazine, May 1949.

264. "An Open Letter to Christians of the West," Spring 1968.